whanau te muka Karāhe i roto i te 1930. Ko te ahua o te rauemi pararopi konganuku-kore whakaputaina e pyrophyllite, kiripaka onepu, pākeho, dolomite, konupāhiko, brucite, waikawa boric, houra pungarehu, me te tahi atu rauemi raw matū. He taimaha te marama, te kaha nui, resistance pāmahana tiketike, me te iti, te waikura resistance, mātao wera, retardant mura, absorption tangi, me te mātao hiko. Ko te ahua o pai rauemi mahi me te rauemi hanganga, e taea te whakakapi maitai, te rakau, sima me ngā rauemi hanga atu i roto i te whānuitanga tetahi.

tūnga Whanaketanga o te karaihe ahumahi muka i roto i China

tīmata te reira i roto i 1958, ka whakawhanakehia tere i muri i 1980. I te 2007, ka haere mai putanga katoa tuatahi i roto i te ao. I muri tata 60 tau o te whanaketanga, kua meinga China he ahumahi muka karaihe nui pono. I te tuatahi o nga tau o te 13 rima-Tau Mahere, kite ahumahi muka karaihe o Haina he 9.8% tau-i runga i-tau hua i roto i hua, me 6.2% tau-i runga i-tau hua i roto i te hoko moni. riro te ahumahi kua pūmau, me te pūmau. Ahakoa te putanga kī tuatahi i roto i te ao nei, i reira te mea he mārama āputa i waenganui i te karaihe kāinga ahumahi muka me whenua ke i roto i te hanga hangarau, hua uara-tapiritia, paerewa ahumahi me ētahi atu āhuatanga, me kua kore ano tae reira te taumata o te mana muka karaihe. Ko nga raruraru e whai ake:

hapa 1. hua tukatuka hohonu o te rangahau me te whanaketanga, whakawhirinaki hua tiketike-mutunga i runga i kawemai ke.

I reira, kua rōrahi kaweake muka karaihe o Haina tawhiti nui kawemai, engari i te wāhi wae utu o tirohanga, he mārama ki runga ake i tāwāhi te utu o te muka karaihe kawemai me hua, tohu e te ërä tonu karaihe hangarau ahumahi muka o Haina i muri whenua ke. Ko te rahinga o te muka karaihe tukatuka hohonu he% 37 anake o te ao, ko te tikanga nga hua iti-te kounga, me te cheap, he iti te ihirangi hangarau tūturu, a kahore e whakataetae nga hua tiketike-mutunga; i te tirohanga o te kawemai me te kaweake ngā kāwai, e kore ko te āputa taketake nui, engari ko te mārama hehema atu ki kawemai te muka karaihe, a ka he tata rua te utu wae o kaweake te utu wae o te kawemai o tenei ahua o te muka karaihe, tohu e he motuhake mō ngā hua tiketike-mutunga China. Ko te hiahia hoki kaka kōata tonu ti'aturi i runga i kawemai, ka hiahia te hanganga ahumahi ki te kia ake.

hapa 2. hinonga o te auahatanga, homogenization o ngā hua, hua i roto i te overcapacity.

hapa Domestic hinonga muka karaihe te tikanga o te auahatanga poutū, arotahi ki runga i te whanaketanga me te hoko o te hua kotahi, kore o te tautoko i ngā ratonga hoahoa, e mea ohie ki te hanga i tētahi āhuatanga homogeneity teitei. Ārahi hinonga i roto i te pakaruhanga mākete, te tahi atu hinonga i runga i te wiwi, hua i roto i roha tere o te kaha mākete, te kounga hua pāhiwihiwi, utu pähekeheke, a hohoro hanga overcapacity. Ko mo te mākete tono pea, he pai ki te noho rawa nui te pūngao me te moni i runga i te rangahau me te whanaketanga i te hinonga, he uaua ki te hanga i te whakataetae matua.

3. Ko iti te taumata maramarama o te hanga me te logistics o hinonga ririki, me te reo-rahi.

Ki te whanaketanga tere o te ōhanga o Haina, e anga ana hinonga te pēhanga o te pūngao, e tere taiao tiaki me te mahi utu maranga, whakamatautau tonu te hanga, me te whakahaere taumata o hinonga. I te wa ano, kua hoki mai ngā whenua ki te hauauru ki te ōhanga tūturu, iti-mutunga ahumahi ki Eastern Europe ētahi atu whenua whakawhanake me rohe Tonga Ahia, Tonga Asia, Latin America, ko Awherika, me, te hoki mai tiketike-mutunga ahumahi ki te Pākehā Union, Amerika te Tai Tokerau, Japan, me ētahi atu whenua whakawhanakehia, e te faaruru ahumahi tūturu o Haina he pānga hanawiti. Hoki te nuinga o hinonga muka karaihe nui, production aunoatanga he anake te motu, kua kore ano te hono te tukanga whakaputa katoa o hinonga, Kei te nuinga whakahaere mōhiohio noho i te taumata whakahaere whakamahere, e kore puta noa i te katoa production, te whakahaere, whakapaipai, logistics, hononga ratonga, i whakangao maramarama, he tino nui mahara whakaritenga wheketere āputa.

Ka rite ki te ia o te karaihe ahumahi muka neke i Europe a Amerika ki a Ahia-Kiwa, rawa China, kua meinga kitea, me pehea ki te whakatutuki i te tupeke i te nui ki te kounga tei runga i te whakahoutanga tonu o te hanga, me te hangarau. Te ahumahi kia pupuri ake ki te tere o te whanaketanga motu, whakatere te tuitui o te ahumahi me te ahumahi, me te tūhura i te whakatinanatanga o te maramarama ahumahi, roto i whatunga production me logistics aunoa me maramarama, ki te āwhina i hinonga ki te whakatutuki i te auahatanga subversive me te whanaketanga.

I tua atu, i runga i te ringa kotahi, kia haere tonu tatou ki te whakakore i hangarau whakamuri, me te taputapu, te tere ake te hanga o te production aunoa taputapu, mana tukanga o ngā mahi ahumahi, hanga o tiketike-kōeke rauemi raw me mau pŭpŭ, me ētahi atu tukanga hangarau, te whakapai ake hanga tōtika , whakatinana tiaki pūngao, me te tukunga whakaiti; i runga i te tahi atu i te ringa, kia haere tonu tatou ki te auaha i roto i te rangahau me te whanaketanga hua, te arotahi ki ngā wāhi teitei-mutunga. Toko mua a te whakapai ake i te whakataetae matua o ngā hua.